Fig. 1. Metapopulation model used for the simulations. Individuals mature to become adults at either the small size (C₂) or the large size (C₄). In one subpopulation (*, upper flow diagram) large individuals of class 4 are fished, the other subpopulation (lower flow diagram) is protected by a reserve. Connectivity is included through export of individuals of class C₂, C₃, and C₄. Individual movement probability (m) is multiplied by the size of the respective destination area, r or (1 - r).